對(duì)中國政府在曲阜于莊村建造哥特式耶教大教堂的計(jì)劃的反應(yīng)
梅爾·斯圖爾特 著 吳萬偉 譯
來源:作者賜稿《儒家郵報(bào)》
《儒家郵報(bào)》編者按:此信件系由梅爾·斯圖爾特(Melville Y. Stewart)寄給《儒家郵報(bào)》編輯部,原稿是英文,我們特委托吳萬偉先生翻譯成中文,在此,對(duì)吳萬偉先生表示感謝。
作者簡(jiǎn)介:梅爾·斯圖爾特(Melville Y. Stewart),美國拜舍爾大學(xué)(Bethel University)哲學(xué)榮譽(yù)退休教授,2010年秋北京訪問學(xué)者。他在明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)獲得哲學(xué)專業(yè)的博士學(xué)位,曾在牛津大學(xué)做博士后研究。其研究領(lǐng)域包括宗教哲學(xué)、形而上學(xué)、認(rèn)識(shí)論等。至今,已發(fā)表論文數(shù)十篇,專著、編著十多部。
親愛的《儒家郵報(bào)》:
下面是我對(duì)那些反對(duì)在曲阜建造天主教大教堂的人的反應(yīng)。
這里,我想表達(dá)對(duì)那些反對(duì)在孔子的家鄉(xiāng)建造耶教大教堂的人的看法。雖然我不是中國人,但儒家學(xué)者因?yàn)榍肥强鬃拥募亦l(xiāng)而反對(duì)在那里建造教堂之事還是令我感到吃驚。請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我談?wù)勛约旱目捶?,我想任何熟悉孔子教?dǎo)的人,尤其是被他的《論語》所吸引的人也可能有類似觀點(diǎn)。我盡可能把我的論證說得簡(jiǎn)潔、直奔主題。我覺得這些與《論語》中出現(xiàn)的儒家觀點(diǎn)不謀而合。
首先,如果孔子還健在并且他正在考慮留下遺囑和證言的話,我極其懷疑他會(huì)暗示家鄉(xiāng)曲阜只屬于他。實(shí)際上,我覺得孔子的反應(yīng)可能正好相反,他會(huì)贊同把友誼作為橋梁,以積極的、和諧的方式把一個(gè)城市、一個(gè)省份或國家團(tuán)結(jié)起來。而且,他顯然追求美德,而其美德之一就包括對(duì)他人的愛。所以,他與基督教世界觀的核心價(jià)值一樣,那就是愛,雖然各自可能用不同的方式細(xì)膩地表達(dá)該價(jià)值的有趣細(xì)節(jié)。
其次,他的倫理學(xué)的核心原則是他以否定的形式表現(xiàn)出來的金科玉律“己所不欲,勿施於人”(12:2)這對(duì)他來說非常重要,因?yàn)樵谒@本短小精悍的著作中兩次提到這個(gè)法則(第5章和第12章)。我覺得這個(gè)法則的意思是以你希望別人對(duì)待你的方式對(duì)待他人,你不愿意別人對(duì)你做的事,你也不要對(duì)別人做。我認(rèn)為一個(gè)儒家信徒不會(huì)反對(duì)建造耶教大教堂,因?yàn)樗膊辉敢饣酵椒磳?duì)他在以基督教根源地聞名的城市建造儒家紀(jì)念碑。
第三,我們不知道反對(duì)為曲阜的萬名基督徒建造大教堂怎么能保護(hù)孔子的正統(tǒng)思想。我是基督徒和哲學(xué)家,我對(duì)孔子有深厚的興趣,我希望維護(hù)和推廣對(duì)儒家傳統(tǒng)的理解。我擁有這種興趣不僅因?yàn)槲屹澩鬃拥哪承┖诵膬r(jià)值觀和信念,而且因?yàn)槲矣X得了解孔子能夠幫助人們理解中國文化中居于核心地位的歷史傳統(tǒng)。
第四也是最后一點(diǎn),建造大教堂不僅能滿足基督徒的需要還能推廣曲阜,難道不是嗎?因?yàn)槟抢飳⒂袃蓚€(gè)文化中心,一是世界聞名的儒家圣地,一是計(jì)劃中的雄偉的大教堂。在科?。ǖ聡?、巴黎(法國)、羅馬(意大利)、濟(jì)南(中國)、華盛頓(特區(qū))的大教堂不會(huì)對(duì)這些城市造成干擾,也不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)移人們對(duì)其他名勝的興趣。增加新的文化景點(diǎn)能夠豐富一個(gè)地方的文化。曲阜的儒家吸引力決不會(huì)削弱,因?yàn)槿寮宜枷胍呀?jīng)扎根于中國人的心靈深處及其中國的悠久歷史中了。
附:網(wǎng)上看到的作者主編的書:
Books from the Science & Religion Series
Chinese edition
Wuhan University Series, 2005
1.《科學(xué)與宗教的對(duì)話》, Science and Religion in Dialogue,
Changchi Hao, Melville Y. Stewart, editors, Peking University Press
Fudan University Series, 2006
2. 《科學(xué)與宗教:二十一 世紀(jì)時(shí)對(duì)話》, Science and Religion: 21st
Century Dialogue, Yingjin Xu, Melville Y. Stewart, editors,
Fudan University Press
Shandong University Series, 2007
3. 《科學(xué)與宗教:當(dāng)前對(duì)話》, Science and Religion: Current Dialogue
Fu Youde, Melville Y. Stewart, editors, Peking University Press
Peking University Series, 2008
4. 《科學(xué)與宗教:二十一世紀(jì)問題》Science and Religion: 21st Century
Issues, Xing Taotao, Xiangdon Xu, Melville Y. Stewart, editors,
Peking University Press
Tsinghua University Series, 2009
5. 《科學(xué)與宗教:當(dāng)前爭(zhēng)論》Science and Religion: Current Debate,
Wang Xiaochao, Zhu Donghua, Melville Y. Stewart, editors,
Peking University Press
http://rwxy.tsinghua.edu.cn/xi-suo/zhe/news/news20091024.asp
Dear Rujia Youbao,
The following is my response to those who oppose the building of a cathedral in Qufu.
Response to the Chinese government’s plan to build a Gothic-like cathedral in Yuzhuang Village in Qufu, Melville Y. Stewart, Visiting Philosopher, Beijing, fall,
2010, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, Bethel University, U.S.A.
Here is my response to those who opposed the building of a church in Confucius’
hometown. While I am not Chinese, it comes as a surprise to me that Confucian scholars
would oppose the building of a church in Qufu because it is the home of Confucius. Let me
share what I would have expected from anyone familiar with and attracted to Confucius’
teachings, particularly his Analects. I'll try to make my arguments brief and to the point.
I think that they reflect Confucian ideas appearing in the Analects.
First, if Confucius were alive and were to consider leaving a last will and testament,
I seriously doubt that he would even suggest that Qufu belonged singularly to him as his
hometown. In fact, I see Confucius as responding just the opposite, as endorsing friendship
as a way of building bridges, and as a way of bringing members of a city, or province, or
country together in an affirmative and harmonious manner. Furthermore, he clearly pursued
virtue, and among his list of virtues he included love toward others. So he shared a value
central the Christian worldview, namely love, even though each might have nuanced the
value in question in interestingly different ways.
Second, a central principle in his ethic is his version of the Golden Rule in the negative mode,
“do not do unto others what you would not have done unto you”(己所不欲,勿施於人ji suo bu yü wu shi yü ren, 12:2). It was important enough for him to mention it twice
in his short book (Book 5 and 12). I take it that this principle means treating others the
way you would want to be treated, and not doing things you would not want done unto
yourself. I would think that a Confucian would not reject the idea of building a Cathedral,
since he/she would not in turn want a Christian to oppose his/her desire to build a
Confucian monument in a some city known for its Christian origins.
Third, it isn’t clear how opposing the building of a Cathedral for 10,000 Christians in Qufu, protects
the orthodoxy of Confucius. I am a Christian and a philosopher, and I have a very keen
interest in Confucius, and I want to preserve and promote an understanding of the
Confucian tradition. This interest is entertained not only because I agree with some
of Confucius’ core beliefs and values, but because I think that understanding Confucius
can help one understand a centrally important historical tradition in Chinese culture.
Fourth, and finally, wouldn’t the building of a Cathedral for Christians not only meet their need, but also enhance
Qufu because there’d be two centers of cultural interest, a world-famous Confucian site, and with the new plan, a magnificent new Cathedral? The cathedrals
in Cologne (Germany), in Paris (France), in Rome (Italy), in Jinan (China), and in Washington
(D.C.), are not a distraction, or detraction from other points of interest in those cities.
Adding new points of cultural interest enriches a culture. The Confucian attractions in Qufu
will never diminish. Confucianism is too deeply embedded in the hearts of the Chinese
people and its incredible history.
Melville Y. Stewart, Ph.D.
Visiting Philosopher, Beijing, 2010
作者惠賜儒家中國網(wǎng)站發(fā)表
儒家網(wǎng)
青春儒學(xué)
民間儒行
儒家網(wǎng)
青春儒學(xué)
民間儒行